Module III - Exertional Heat Stroke
Overview
In this module, the individual will learn how to manage episodes of exertional heat stroke (EHS) on the race course. He/she will learn best-practice guidelines and preventive medical plans for healthcare professionals, as well as definitions, mechanisms, and symptoms of EHS. The final portion of the module introduces the use of algorithms for informed decision-making.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this module, the learner will know how to recognize and treat EHS on the race course with evidence-based protocol using cold-water immersion (CWI).
Key Pedagogical Points
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- EHS is a medical emergency defined as life-threatening hyperthermia (core body temperature ≥ 40.5°C [105°F]) and Central Nervous System (CNS) dysfunction.
- EHS is one of the top three causes of sudden death in athletes.
- EHS does not always occur in the heat.
- Rectal temperature is required to provide an accurate core temperature assessment.
- Key determinant for an EHS outcome is the duration of the patient’s temperature remaining above a critical temperature, not the maximum temperature obtained.
- Immediate and on-site rapid cooling is the primary aim when an EHS is suspected. Remember: “cool first, transport second”. Evidence shows that CWI provides the fastest whole-body cooling rate and the lowest morbidity and mortality for EHS.
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